{"id":65186,"date":"2026-06-29T10:21:59","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T13:21:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnpem.br\/?p=65186"},"modified":"2026-06-29T10:23:48","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T13:23:48","slug":"superdeep-diamond-studied-at-cnpem-reveals-mineral-that-transports-water-into-the-center-of-the-earth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnpem.br\/en\/superdeep-diamond-studied-at-cnpem-reveals-mineral-that-transports-water-into-the-center-of-the-earth\/","title":{"rendered":"Superdeep diamond studied at CNPEM reveals mineral that transports water into the center of the Earth"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Research led by scientists at Sirius\u00a0found these diamonds\u00a0contain\u00a0a hydrated compound that can reach thousands of kilometers deep<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Researchers from the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) and other\u00a0national\u00a0collaborators have discovered\u00a0unprecedented\u00a0proof that water can be transported to regions deep within the Earth<\/span><span aria-label=\"Controle de conte\u00fado rich text\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u200b<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. The study, published in\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Scientific Reports<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(a journal in the\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nature\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">group), analyzed a rare diamond from\u00a0Ju\u00edna, Mato Grosso, and identified a complex mineral capable of carrying water to the lower mantle, offering new clues about how the planet stores and circulates water hundreds of kilometers below its surface.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245417&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:120}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_65178\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65178\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-65178\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cnpem.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pesquisadora-diamantes.jpg?resize=500%2C333&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cnpem.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pesquisadora-diamantes.jpg?resize=500%2C333&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cnpem.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pesquisadora-diamantes.jpg?w=642&amp;ssl=1 642w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-65178\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pesquisadora durante atividades da pesquisa<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The diamond is considered \u201csuperdeep,\u201d formed under extreme conditions up to 800 kilometers below the Earth\u2019s crust. This type of diamond is found in only a few places in the world;\u00a0Ju\u00edna\u00a0is the main area where they are known to occur. Without significant commercial value as gemstones, these diamonds are\u00a0generally used\u00a0to produce cutting and grinding instruments, as well as surgical and precision tools. The CNPEM researchers initially obtained samples of these stones as donations from small-scale miners in the\u00a0region, and\u00a0later\u00a0acquired\u00a0new diamonds with funding from the\u00a0Serrapilheira\u00a0Institute.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245417&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The team found an inclusion of ferrous oxyhydroxide inside the diamond, composed of a combination of minerals such as goethite,\u00a0hematite\u00a0and magnetite. This combination forms a hydrated material that could serve as a \u201cvehicle\u201d capable of transporting water from the Earth\u2019s surface to extremely deep regions.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245417&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:120}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The discovery is notable because the area deep within the Earth is subject to extreme temperatures and pressures.\u00a0Temperatures can exceed 2,000 \u00b0C\u00a0in regions of the mantle, an environment in which hydrated minerals capable of storing water or hydroxyl groups in their crystalline structure tend to become unstable.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245417&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cWhen we talk about the inside of the planet, we\u00a0don\u2019t\u00a0think of hydrated minerals at such extreme depths. For this reason, any mineral that can maintain hydroxyls trapped within its crystalline structure under these conditions is extremely important for understanding how water can exist and circulate in the lower mantle,\u201d explained Fernanda Gervasoni, a professor and researcher at the Federal University of Pelotas and CNPEM collaborator.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245417&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:120}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The research\u00a0involved\u00a0advanced synchrotron light techniques at Sirius, CNPEM\u2019s fourth-generation particle accelerator,\u00a0using\u00a0the\u00a0Mogno, Ema and\u00a0Carna\u00faba\u00a0beamlines. The\u00a0state-of-the-art\u00a0infrastructure made it possible to\u00a0observe\u00a0the composition and structure of the mineral preserved in the diamond at extremely high resolutions.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245417&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:120}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">According to Gervasoni, the\u00a0mineral\u00a0they found\u00a0probably originated\u00a0from subduction zones, regions where the tectonic plates plunge inside the Earth, and underwent transformations under\u00a0very high\u00a0pressures and temperatures. During the process, the material would have released water and oxygen into the lower mantle.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245417&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:120}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cWater at these depths does not mean that\u00a0underground oceans\u00a0exist, but rather hydroxyls\u00a0incorporated\u00a0into the crystalline structure of minerals. Still, this profoundly alters the dynamics of the planet\u2019s interior, and can influence processes such as rock fusion, magma formation and even the occurrence of deep earthquakes,\u201d she added, explaining that the mineral was\u00a0generally ignored\u00a0in the past in similar studies. \u201cWhen it appears in diamonds, this mineral is often treated as surface contamination. But we\u00a0demonstrated\u00a0that this inclusion was completely isolated inside the stone, without contact with fractures or with the external environment.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245417&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:120}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This scientific finding reinforces the hypothesis that the water cycle on Earth is much more complex than previously imagined, involving not only oceans and the atmosphere but also processes deep\u00a0inside\u00a0the planet. Additionally, the release of water and oxygen at great depths can alter the fundamental properties of the mantle, such as its chemical composition,\u00a0dynamics\u00a0and physical behavior, affecting large-scale geological phenomena.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245417&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:120}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cThe most interesting thing is that we\u00a0observe\u00a0the transformation of this mineral taking place within the inclusion,\u00a0indicating\u00a0that it had\u00a0probably already\u00a0released water inside the Earth. This helps us to better understand the chemical and physical processes that occur in extremely deep regions of the planet,\u201d\u00a0said\u00a0Gervasoni.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245417&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:120}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The study brings together a group of scientists from CNPEM, as well as researchers from the University of Brasilia (DF), the Federal University of Pelotas (RS)\u00a0and\u00a0the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The research also received funding from FAPESP, which supports Fernanda Gervasoni\u2019s post-doctoral research.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-65180\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cnpem.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/diamantes-2.jpg?resize=500%2C266&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cnpem.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/diamantes-2.jpg?resize=500%2C266&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cnpem.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/diamantes-2.jpg?w=638&amp;ssl=1 638w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:justify; margin-top:20px;\"><h2>About CNPEM<\/h2><p>The Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) is home to a state-of-the-art, multi-user and multidisciplinary scientific environment and works on different fronts within the Brazilian National System for Science, Technology and Innovation. A social organization overseen by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), with the involvement of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health, CNPEM is driven by research that impacts the areas of health, energy, renewable materials, and sustainability. It is responsible for Sirius, the largest assembly of scientific equipment constructed in the country, and is currently constructing Project Orion, a laboratory complex for advanced pathogen research. Highly specialized science and engineering teams, sophisticated infrastructure open to the scientific community, strategic lines of investigation, innovative projects involving the productive sector, and training for researchers and students are the pillars of this institution that is unique in Brazil and able to serve as a bridge between knowledge and innovation. CNPEM's research and development activities are carried out through its four National Laboratories: Synchrotron Light (LNLS), Biosciences (LNBio), Nanotechnology (LNNano), Biorenewables (LNBR), as well as its Technology Unit (DAT) and the Ilum School of Science \u2014 an undergraduate program in Science and Technology.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/cnpem.br\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/cnpem.br\/en\/<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research led by scientists at Sirius\u00a0found these diamonds\u00a0contain\u00a0a hydrated compound that can reach thousands of kilometers deep Researchers from the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) and&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":65178,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1458,1481,1461],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-releases-cnpem-en-2","category-releases-lnls-en","category-noticia-home-en-en","category-1458","category-1481","category-1461","description-off"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - 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