{"id":64711,"date":"2026-04-08T10:12:13","date_gmt":"2026-04-08T13:12:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnpem.br\/?p=64711"},"modified":"2026-04-08T10:12:55","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T13:12:55","slug":"carnauba-reveals-how-metallic-nanofoams-store-hydrogen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnpem.br\/en\/carnauba-reveals-how-metallic-nanofoams-store-hydrogen\/","title":{"rendered":"Carna\u00faba reveals how metallic nanofoams store hydrogen"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

A\u00a0study\u00a0conducted\u00a0by\u00a0researchers\u00a0from\u00a0the\u00a0Federal\u00a0University\u00a0of\u00a0Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)\u00a0and\u00a0featured\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0back cover of the Journal of Materials Chemistry A <\/a>investigated\u00a0a\u00a0possible\u00a0solution\u00a0for\u00a0hydrogen\u00a0storage\u00a0based\u00a0on\u00a0porous metallic nanostructures, called nanofoams.\u00a0Part of the analysis was performed at the Carna\u00faba\u00a0beamline of Sirius, whose spatial resolution allowed for the distinction of different regions of the material at the nanoscale.<\/p>\n

The challenge of hydrogen storage<\/h3>\n

Hydrogen is often cited as one of the leading candidates to drive the transition to a cleaner energy matrix.\u00a0It can be produced from renewable sources and, when used, does not release carbon directly.\u00a0However, despite this potential,\u00a0its\u00a0widespread adoption still faces a major challenge, which involves storing it in an efficient, safe, and economically\u00a0viable\u00a0way.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0most commonly used\u00a0methods at present, such as storage under high pressure or at cryogenic temperatures, have significant limitations, whether due to high energy costs or technical challenges involved.\u00a0The primary challenge, therefore, is to find systems that can not only absorb significant amounts of hydrogen, but also release it under practical conditions, which requires fine control of the interactions between hydrogen and the material.<\/p>\n

A new approach\u00a0using metallic nanostructures<\/h3>\n

To face\u00a0this\u00a0challenge,\u00a0researchers\u00a0explored\u00a0a\u00a0class\u00a0of\u00a0materials\u00a0known\u00a0as\u00a0metallic\u00a0nanostructures,\u00a0including\u00a0platinum-\u00a0and\u00a0palladium-based\u00a0systems.\u00a0\u201cToday there is\u00a0a great effort\u00a0to make hydrogen-based technologies\u00a0viable, but storage is still one of the main obstacles.\u00a0There are well-defined goals, such as those of the United States Department of Energy (DOE), and we are still a long way from achieving them\u201d,\u00a0explains physicist Fabiano Bernardi.<\/p>\n

The strategy adopted by the group stemmed from an idea already known in the literature:\u00a0combining\u00a0different metals to improve the interaction with hydrogen.\u00a0But instead of following the traditional configuration, the researchers reversed the\u00a0material’s\u00a0architecture.\u00a0“We decided to put the platinum on the inside and the palladium on the outside. The idea was to increase the number of\u00a0sites\u00a0where hydrogen could be stored\u201d,\u00a0says\u00a0Bernardi.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, the group used a different structure: so-called nanofoams.\u00a0Unlike nanoparticles, these structures have a three-dimensional porous network with a large surface area, which significantly expands the possibilities\u00a0for\u00a0interaction with hydrogen.<\/p>\n

The results showed that hydrogen is stored primarily just below the platinum-palladium interface.\u00a0\u201cWhat we\u00a0observed\u00a0is that\u00a0the hydrogen\u00a0remains\u00a0in the subsurface of the platinum.\u00a0Palladium, within the studied timescale, does not store hydrogen, but rather helps it diffuse to that location\u201d,\u00a0explains\u00a0the\u00a0researcher.<\/p>\n

This combination of factors resulted in superior performance compared to similar systems previously reported in the literature.\u00a0Nevertheless, the researcher himself points out that the field is far from meeting the requirements needed for commercial applications.\u00a0“We are still far from the established goals, but this is already the best result for this type of system. The most important thing here was understanding the mechanism\u201d,\u00a0he\u00a0says.<\/p>\n

Investigating the material with synchrotron light<\/h3>\n

To understand where the hydrogen was\u00a0actually being\u00a0stored, the researchers resorted to advanced characterization techniques, including experiments conducted at the Carna\u00faba\u00a0beamline of Sirius, at CNPEM.<\/p>\n

The challenge was to distinguish the role of each\u00a0component\u00a0of the material: the nanofoam and the nanoparticles that are also part of the sample.\u00a0“Our question was: is hydrogen storage happening primarily in the nanofoam or in the nanoparticle?\u201d,\u00a0explains\u00a0Bernardi.<\/p>\n

At\u00a0the Carna\u00faba\u00a0beamline, which has an X-ray beam with nanometric dimensions, it was possible to map specific regions of the sample and perform independent measurements on each of them.\u00a0First,\u00a0researchers spatially\u00a0identified\u00a0where the nanofoams and nanoparticles were\u00a0located; then, they applied the XANES technique to investigate the electronic structure of platinum in each region.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Fluorescence maps allowed researchers to distinguish regions of nanofoams and nanoparticles in the sample, where XANES measurements were performed on the L\u2083 edge of the platinum. Results indicate that the platinum in nanofoams is more metallic than in nanoparticles, a characteristic associated with a greater hydrogen storage capacity. (Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2026). Available at: https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2026\/ta\/d5ta04270d<\/p><\/div>\n

The results revealed a crucial difference: the platinum present in the nanofoams was in a more metallic state, while in the nanoparticles it appeared more oxidized.\u00a0This distinction is crucial, since the metallic form interacts more strongly with hydrogen.\u00a0\u201cAs it is well known that metallic platinum stores more hydrogen than platinum\u00a0oxide, this shows that the process occurs mainly in the nanofoam\u201d,\u00a0states\u00a0the\u00a0researcher.<\/p>\n

This ability to investigate specific regions of the material was essential to confirm the proposed mechanism and highlight the role of nanoarchitecture in the system’s performance.\u00a0Without the spatial resolution provided by the Carna\u00faba\u00a0beamline, this distinction would not be possible with the same clarity.<\/p>\n

In the tests carried out, the best performance obtained was 0.58% by mass of stored hydrogen, a value still far from the targets set for practical applications, but which already\u00a0represents\u00a0a significant advance for systems of this type.\u00a0This result was achieved under moderate atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature conditions, which leaves room for improvement.\u00a0According to Bernardi, “if we reduce the temperature and increase the pressure within the limits considered viable by the DOE, this value should grow even more\u201d.<\/p>\n

For the next steps, the researchers intend to explore new combinations of bimetallic materials and different architectures,\u00a0seeking\u00a0to increase storage capacity and understand how to\u00a0optimize\u00a0this mechanism.\u00a0“We continue investigating these systems, varying the metals and structure based on knowledge gained from work like this, to try to store more and more hydrogen\u201d,\u00a0says\u00a0the\u00a0researcher.<\/p>\n

About CNPEM<\/h2>

The Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) is home to a state-of-the-art, multi-user and multidisciplinary scientific environment and works on different fronts within the Brazilian National System for Science, Technology and Innovation. A social organization overseen by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), with the involvement of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health, CNPEM is driven by research that impacts the areas of health, energy, renewable materials, and sustainability. It is responsible for Sirius, the largest assembly of scientific equipment constructed in the country, and is currently constructing Project Orion, a laboratory complex for advanced pathogen research. Highly specialized science and engineering teams, sophisticated infrastructure open to the scientific community, strategic lines of investigation, innovative projects involving the productive sector, and training for researchers and students are the pillars of this institution that is unique in Brazil and able to serve as a bridge between knowledge and innovation. CNPEM's research and development activities are carried out through its four National Laboratories: Synchrotron Light (LNLS), Biosciences (LNBio), Nanotechnology (LNNano), Biorenewables (LNBR), as well as its Technology Unit (DAT) and the Ilum School of Science \u2014 an undergraduate program in Science and Technology.<\/p>

https:\/\/cnpem.br\/en\/<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

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